Integrand size = 23, antiderivative size = 98 \[ \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {7} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+\pi +d x)|\frac {8}{7}\right )}{d}+\frac {3 \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+\pi +d x),\frac {8}{7}\right )}{\sqrt {7} d}+\frac {4 \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (2,\frac {1}{2} (c+\pi +d x),\frac {8}{7}\right )}{\sqrt {7} d}+\frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d} \]
-3/7*(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*EllipticF(cos(1/2*d*x +1/2*c),2/7*14^(1/2))/d*7^(1/2)-4/7*(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/sin(1/2*d *x+1/2*c)*EllipticPi(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2,2/7*14^(1/2))/d*7^(1/2)+(sin(1/2 *d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*EllipticE(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2/7*1 4^(1/2))/d*7^(1/2)+(3-4*cos(d*x+c))^(1/2)*tan(d*x+c)/d
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.97 (sec) , antiderivative size = 178, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.82 \[ \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx=\frac {-\frac {42 \sqrt {-3+4 \cos (c+d x)} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (2,\frac {1}{2} (c+d x),8\right )}{\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}}-\frac {i \sqrt {7} \left (21 E\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}\right )|-\frac {1}{7}\right )-12 \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}\right ),-\frac {1}{7}\right )-8 \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {1}{3},i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}\right ),-\frac {1}{7}\right )\right ) \sin (c+d x)}{\sqrt {\sin ^2(c+d x)}}+21 \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{21 d} \]
((-42*Sqrt[-3 + 4*Cos[c + d*x]]*EllipticPi[2, (c + d*x)/2, 8])/Sqrt[3 - 4* Cos[c + d*x]] - (I*Sqrt[7]*(21*EllipticE[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[3 - 4*Cos[c + d*x] ]], -1/7] - 12*EllipticF[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[3 - 4*Cos[c + d*x]]], -1/7] - 8*El lipticPi[-1/3, I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[3 - 4*Cos[c + d*x]]], -1/7])*Sin[c + d*x])/S qrt[Sin[c + d*x]^2] + 21*Sqrt[3 - 4*Cos[c + d*x]]*Tan[c + d*x])/(21*d)
Time = 0.76 (sec) , antiderivative size = 108, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.10, number of steps used = 11, number of rules used = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.478, Rules used = {3042, 3275, 27, 3042, 3539, 3042, 3133, 3481, 3042, 3141, 3285}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}{\sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^2}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3275 |
\(\displaystyle \int -\frac {2 \left (1-\cos ^2(c+d x)\right ) \sec (c+d x)}{\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}}dx+\frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \int \frac {\left (1-\cos ^2(c+d x)\right ) \sec (c+d x)}{\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \int \frac {1-\sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^2}{\sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )} \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3539 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}dx+\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {(4-3 \cos (c+d x)) \sec (c+d x)}{\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}}dx\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx+\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {4-3 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )} \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3133 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {4-3 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )} \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx+\frac {\sqrt {7} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi )|\frac {8}{7}\right )}{2 d}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3481 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \left (\frac {1}{4} \left (4 \int \frac {\sec (c+d x)}{\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}}dx-3 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)}}dx\right )+\frac {\sqrt {7} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi )|\frac {8}{7}\right )}{2 d}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \left (\frac {1}{4} \left (4 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )} \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx-3 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx\right )+\frac {\sqrt {7} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi )|\frac {8}{7}\right )}{2 d}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3141 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \left (\frac {1}{4} \left (4 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-4 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )} \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx-\frac {6 \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi ),\frac {8}{7}\right )}{\sqrt {7} d}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {7} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi )|\frac {8}{7}\right )}{2 d}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3285 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \tan (c+d x)}{d}-2 \left (\frac {\sqrt {7} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi )|\frac {8}{7}\right )}{2 d}+\frac {1}{4} \left (-\frac {6 \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi ),\frac {8}{7}\right )}{\sqrt {7} d}-\frac {8 \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (2,\frac {1}{2} (c+d x+\pi ),\frac {8}{7}\right )}{\sqrt {7} d}\right )\right )\) |
-2*((Sqrt[7]*EllipticE[(c + Pi + d*x)/2, 8/7])/(2*d) + ((-6*EllipticF[(c + Pi + d*x)/2, 8/7])/(Sqrt[7]*d) - (8*EllipticPi[2, (c + Pi + d*x)/2, 8/7]) /(Sqrt[7]*d))/4) + (Sqrt[3 - 4*Cos[c + d*x]]*Tan[c + d*x])/d
3.6.21.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[2*(Sqrt[a - b]/d)*EllipticE[(1/2)*(c + Pi/2 + d*x), -2*(b/(a - b))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && GtQ[a - b, 0]
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(2/(d*S qrt[a - b]))*EllipticF[(1/2)*(c + Pi/2 + d*x), -2*(b/(a - b))], x] /; FreeQ [{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && GtQ[a - b, 0]
Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(m_)*((c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-b)*Cos[e + f*x]*(a + b*Sin[e + f*x] )^(m + 1)*((c + d*Sin[e + f*x])^n/(f*(m + 1)*(a^2 - b^2))), x] + Simp[1/((m + 1)*(a^2 - b^2)) Int[(a + b*Sin[e + f*x])^(m + 1)*(c + d*Sin[e + f*x])^ (n - 1)*Simp[a*c*(m + 1) + b*d*n + (a*d*(m + 1) - b*c*(m + 2))*Sin[e + f*x] - b*d*(m + n + 2)*Sin[e + f*x]^2, x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && NeQ[c^2 - d^2, 0] && LtQ[m, -1] && LtQ[0, n, 1] && IntegersQ[2*m, 2*n]
Int[1/(((a_.) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])*Sqrt[(c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(2/(f*(a - b)*Sqrt[c - d]))*EllipticPi[ -2*(b/(a - b)), (1/2)*(e + Pi/2 + f*x), -2*(d/(c - d))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && NeQ[c^2 - d^2 , 0] && GtQ[c - d, 0]
Int[(((a_.) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(m_)*((A_.) + (B_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]))/((c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[ B/d Int[(a + b*Sin[e + f*x])^m, x], x] - Simp[(B*c - A*d)/d Int[(a + b* Sin[e + f*x])^m/(c + d*Sin[e + f*x]), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, A, B, m}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && NeQ[c^2 - d^2, 0]
Int[((A_.) + (C_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]^2)/(Sqrt[(a_.) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]]*((c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])), x_Symbol] :> Simp [C/(b*d) Int[Sqrt[a + b*Sin[e + f*x]], x], x] - Simp[1/(b*d) Int[Simp[a *c*C - A*b*d + (b*c*C + a*C*d)*Sin[e + f*x], x]/(Sqrt[a + b*Sin[e + f*x]]*( c + d*Sin[e + f*x])), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, A, C}, x] && NeQ[b *c - a*d, 0] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && NeQ[c^2 - d^2, 0]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(350\) vs. \(2(164)=328\).
Time = 4.61 (sec) , antiderivative size = 351, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.58
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {\sqrt {-\left (8 \left (\cos ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-7\right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}\, \left (-\frac {2 \cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {8 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-\left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}}{2 \left (\cos ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-1}+\frac {3 \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {56 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-7}\, F\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \frac {2 \sqrt {14}}{7}\right )}{7 \sqrt {8 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-\left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}}-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {56 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-7}\, E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \frac {2 \sqrt {14}}{7}\right )}{\sqrt {8 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-\left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {56 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-7}\, \Pi \left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), 2, \frac {2 \sqrt {14}}{7}\right )}{7 \sqrt {8 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-\left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}}\right )}{\sin \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {-8 \left (\cos ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+7}\, d}\) | \(351\) |
-(-(8*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-7)*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*(-2*cos(1/2*d*x+ 1/2*c)*(8*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4-sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/(2*cos(1/2*d*x+ 1/2*c)^2-1)+3/7*(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*(56*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-7)^( 1/2)/(8*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4-sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*EllipticF(cos(1/2 *d*x+1/2*c),2/7*14^(1/2))-(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*(56*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2 *c)^2-7)^(1/2)/(8*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4-sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*Ellipti cE(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2/7*14^(1/2))+4/7*(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*(56*s in(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-7)^(1/2)/(8*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4-sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2) ^(1/2)*EllipticPi(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2,2/7*14^(1/2)))/sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)/( -8*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2+7)^(1/2)/d
\[ \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx=\int { \sqrt {-4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 3} \sec \left (d x + c\right )^{2} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx=\int \sqrt {3 - 4 \cos {\left (c + d x \right )}} \sec ^{2}{\left (c + d x \right )}\, dx \]
\[ \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx=\int { \sqrt {-4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 3} \sec \left (d x + c\right )^{2} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx=\int { \sqrt {-4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 3} \sec \left (d x + c\right )^{2} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \sqrt {3-4 \cos (c+d x)} \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {3-4\,\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}}{{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}^2} \,d x \]